18EPC405 TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

Objectives

1. To study the structure of electric power system and to develop expressions for the computation of transmission line parameters.
2. To obtain the equivalent circuits for the transmission lines based on distance and to determine voltage regulation and efficiency.
3. To understand the mechanical design of transmission lines and to analyze the voltage distribution in insulator strings to improve the efficiency.
4. To study the types, construction of cables and methods to improve the efficiency.
5. To study about distribution systems, types of substations, methods of grounding, EHVAC, HVDC and FACTS.

I. TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS

Structure of Power System – Parameters of single and three phase transmission lines with single and double circuits – Resistance, inductance and capacitance of solid, stranded and bundled conductors – Symmetrical and unsymmetrical spacing and transposition – Application of self and mutual GMD – Skin and proximity effects – Typical configurations – Conductor types and electrical parameters of EHV lines.

II. MODELLING AND PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES

Performance of Transmission lines – Short line, medium line and long line – Equivalent circuits, phasor diagram, attenuation constant, phase constant, surge impedance – Transmission efficiency and voltage regulation – Real and reactive power flow in lines – Power Circle diagrams – Formation of Corona – Critical Voltages – Effect on Line Performance.

III. MECHANICAL DESIGN OF LINES

Mechanical design of OH lines – Line Supports – Types of towers – Stress and Sag Calculation – Effects of Wind and Ice loading. – Insulators: Types – Voltage distribution in insulator string – Improvement of string efficiency – Testing of insulators.

IV. UNDER GROUND CABLES

Underground cables – Types of cables – Construction of single core and 3 core cables – Insulation Resistance – Potential Gradient – Capacitance of Single-core and 3 core cables – Grading of cables – Power factor and heating of cables – DC cables.

V. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Distribution Systems – General Aspects – Kelvin’s Law – AC and DC distributions – Techniques of Voltage Control and Power factor improvement – Distribution Loss –Types of Substations – Methods of Grounding – Trends in Transmission and Distribution: EHVAC, HVDC and FACTS (Qualitative treatment only).

OUTCOMES: 

After completion of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Explain the importance and the functioning of transmission line parameters.
2. Demonstrate the performance of Transmission lines.
3. Explain the importance of distribution of the electric power in power system.
4. Identify the Underground cables
5. Familiarise with the function of different components used in Transmission and Distribution levels of power system and Modelling of these components.

TEXTBOOKS :

1. D.P.Kothari,I.J. Nagarath, “Power System Engineering”, Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company limited, New Delhi, Second Edition,2008.
2. C.L.Wadhwa, “ElectricalPower Systems”, New Academic Science Ltd, 2009.
3. S.N. Singh, “ElectricPower Generation, Transmission and Distribution”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi, Second Edition, 2011

REFERENCES :

1. B.R.Gupta, “Power System Analysis and Design”, S. Chand, New Delhi, Fifth Edition, 2008.
2. Luces M.Fualken berry, Walter Coffer, “Electrical Power Distribution and Transmission”, Pearson Education, 2007.
3. Arun Ingole, "Power Transmission and Distribution" Pearson Education, 2017
4. J.Brian, Hardy and Colin R.Bayliss, “Transmission and Distribution in Electrical Engineering”, Newnes; Fourth Edition, 2012.
5. G.Ramamurthy, “Handbook of Electrical Power Distribution,” Universities Press, 2013.
6. V.K.Mehta, Rohit Mehta, “Principles of Power System”, S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2013